‍Marine titanium welding process

In recent years, many new ships began extensive use of titanium alloy . With the increase in the amount of titanium alloy materials , shipyard welding to Titanium Welded Tubes enhance efficiency , product quality and stability , the need to develop some efficient titanium welding process. TA5 two kinds of titanium Shanghai Jiangnan Shipbuilding in thickness of 4mm Ti70 and 16 mm for welding object, plasma arc welding , laser welding and laser - arc hybrid welding titanium welding three high energy density of the process carried out explore, get the excellent performance of welded joints
A plasma arc welding
Plasma arc welding is the use of plasma arc welding method as a heat source . Gas heated by the arc generated from the solution , a nozzle at high speed compressed by water , and increasing the energy density of the solution from forming a plasma arc. Its stability , heat and temperature are higher than the arc , and thus has a greater penetration power and welding speed . For marine titanium welding tests show that plasma arc with concentrated energy , penetration , side welding good shape , no tungsten inclusions , less porosity , etc. , it is very suitable for welding of titanium and titanium alloys . More plasma arc welding process parameters , when the method is mainly related to the use of orifice nozzle diameter , titanium bicycle frames welding current, plasma gas flow rate , welding speed , shielding gas flow.
Second, laser welding
Laser welding is a focused laser beam as the heat energy generated by the bombardment of the weldment for welding a high -precision welding method . Laser welding due to the high energy density, obtained greater penetration and high welding speed , and because the diameter of the laser beam is extremely small, so narrow weld and heat -affected zone , the welding residual stress and deformation is small . The main parameters of laser welding laser welding power , welding speed , defocusing amount , side-blown gas flow and shielding gas flow. Since the laser welding high welding speed , the welding process generally can not adjust the parameters of the process , so before the formal optimum welding parameters to be determined by a combination of pre- experiments.
Third, the laser - arc hybrid welding
Compared with conventional arc welding and laser welding, laser - arc hybrid welding weld penetration with a large , high process stability , high welding efficiency , strong weld gap bridging ability and welding deformation , etc., can greatly improve the welding efficiency and weld quality. Laser - arc hybrid welding can reduce the workpiece machining accuracy requirements groove welds may be titanium bicycle part improved over time high laser welding shortage and liquid bath due to higher absorption of the laser beam , laser welding can be compared greater penetration and a higher welding speed . Using laser - arc hybrid welding , laser and arc due to the presence of two heat sources , and each heat are more parameters to be adjusted , so make the laser and arc harmonic match with a lot of tests need to be explored .
Jiangnan Shipbuilding technology test results conducted show that plasma arc welding , laser welding and laser - arc hybrid welding excellent joint performance of the welded test plate . Process repeatability, low level requirements for welders , it is very suitable for the production of large quantities of rules seam welding. Mechanical test results showed that: the mechanical properties of butt joints meet the standard requirements, joint strength and ductility in the match with a reliable base metal Ti70; plasma arc welding and laser - arc hybrid welding using low intensity TA10 wire welding Ti70 plates, welding joint seam strength far exceeds the requirements of matches with Ti70 , which makes titanium alloy welding consumables when marine greatly broaden the range of options available in between strength and ductility, toughness seek to better balance.

‍Marine titanium welding process

In recent years, many new ships began extensive use of titanium alloy . With the increase in the amount of titanium alloy materials , shipyard welding to Titanium Welded Tubes enhance efficiency , product quality and stability , the need to develop some efficient titanium welding process. TA5 two kinds of titanium Shanghai Jiangnan Shipbuilding in thickness of 4mm Ti70 and 16 mm for welding object, plasma arc welding , laser welding and laser - arc hybrid welding titanium welding three high energy density of the process carried out explore, get the excellent performance of welded joints
A plasma arc welding
Plasma arc welding is the use of plasma arc welding method as a heat source . Gas heated by the arc generated from the solution , a nozzle at high speed compressed by water , and increasing the energy density of the solution from forming a plasma arc. Its stability , heat and temperature are higher than the arc , and thus has a greater penetration power and welding speed . For marine titanium welding tests show that plasma arc with concentrated energy , penetration , side welding good shape , no tungsten inclusions , less porosity , etc. , it is very suitable for welding of titanium and titanium alloys . More plasma arc welding process parameters , when the method is mainly related to the use of orifice nozzle diameter , titanium bicycle frames welding current, plasma gas flow rate , welding speed , shielding gas flow.
Second, laser welding
Laser welding is a focused laser beam as the heat energy generated by the bombardment of the weldment for welding a high -precision welding method . Laser welding due to the high energy density, obtained greater penetration and high welding speed , and because the diameter of the laser beam is extremely small, so narrow weld and heat -affected zone , the welding residual stress and deformation is small . The main parameters of laser welding laser welding power , welding speed , defocusing amount , side-blown gas flow and shielding gas flow. Since the laser welding high welding speed , the welding process generally can not adjust the parameters of the process , so before the formal optimum welding parameters to be determined by a combination of pre- experiments.

Some common titanium products

Titanium washing tower is installed on the incinerator for processing very low levels of radioactive waste . The device has been put into use in 1973 , titanium pumps the operating temperature of 160 a 250 ℃. According to the results of the last inspection , the titanium device is not found evidence of corrosion .
    Recently, the scrubber waste heat boiler in a pulp mill on the uniforms of water have been used titanium plates . 3l6L originally designed using stainless steel, 1979 replaced with titanium plates dehydrating it . These dehydrated plate for 120 ℃, pH value of the water cycle water cycle 3-4 aggregate a large number of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide gas . Using the results are quite satisfactory , and therefore , the plant plans to other scrubber systems all use titanium plate dehydration .
    Titanium is also being used in addition to the ttitanium valve need from the scrubber wash hydrogen chloride , and have achieved good results . The column was washed at a temperature of 140 ℃, pH value of 10-11 , a sodium hydroxide solution after two cycles of operation , the frame and mesh of titanium are not corroded . Therefore , the plant engineering have made handsome would rather invest in titanium does not require maintenance , rather than using plastic or fiber- reinforced plastic titanium pump Branch (FRP).

‍From the Swiss road network information

‍From the Swiss road network information currently available to view, in 2013 the total output of the industry is in a state of slight growth , the growth rate of more than between 5 % to 8 % growth in individual sectors stagnated . The annual average price is lower than in 2012 , which resulted titanium bicycle frames in the majority of enterprise revenue is lower than last year. Meanwhile, the downstream product prices first drop, after drop upstream raw material prices , thus causing downstream enterprises to bear more pressure . Tension downstream enterprise funds , making widespread payment defaults occur within the industry . The spread of this case bottom , making 2013 the individual enterprise funds are plagued by varying degrees .
At the end of 2012 when the annual plan to do , the industry was optimistic the market will improve in 2013 . This also leads to a certain extent, when enterprises are facing a downturn , the difficulties are not sufficient to prepare . Preliminary statistics from the current point of view , in 2013 the national production of titanium sponge is still modest growth , the supply is higher than demand for titanium processing industry. When the increase in business inventories , the usual coping should be controlled in order to maintain profit margins yield . But in fact, some companies fail to make adjustments in a timely manner , yields rise, Titanium Artificial Joint not fall , resulting in a large number of products unmarketable. The product unsalable lead enterprise funds tight , which prompted enterprises to turn to loans from financial institutions . Although you can ease the financial pressure in the short term , but also to bring greater financial costs , potentially increasing the burden on enterprises. In order to repay the loan , some companies phased cheap Paohuo return funds, further exacerbating the decline in product prices , which thus caught in a vicious cycle .
After December 2013 the State Reserve policy began , some titanium sponge enterprises raise product prices , but signs of recovery as the market did not like before . Since downstream firms reflect flat, high offer titanium sponge enterprises become castles in the air , and soon dropped back to previous levels. And during the bidding , some companies did not follow the big companies with price increases, which is also reflected in the side after a long titanium sponge industry expansion has weakened the influence of leading enterprises . Manufacturers unsalable inventory into titanium sponge titanium ingots after , although the pressure of titanium sponge enterprises get some relief , but we also worry about the future market demand may Titanium Golf Club Heads be overdrawn in advance , thus making the market more difficult in 2014.

titanium sponge plant

The main equipment for the production of titanium sponge

Magnesium electrolys is workshop perennial production, magnesium and chlorine in continuous output, with the use of workshop in close cooperation, in order to prevent the leakage of chlorine gas venting or environmental pollution. Chloride workshop ( Titanium Casting Manufacturer ) must have enough spare system, considering the chlorine absorption when an accident happens to facilities design.

  Design of magnesium electrolysis workshop to ensure effective circulation, magnesium chloride.

  Equipment selection by ilmenite as the main equipment for the production of titanium sponge materials used are, titanium slag smelting furnace (three-phase arc furnace), chlorination furnace, four titanium chloride and four chlorinated silicon fractionating tower, removing vanadium silicon removal equipment, reducing distillation equipment and titanium lump crushing equipment.

The supply of titanium sponge

Japan and the former Soviet Union, China titanium factory all adopt vacuum distillation treatment reaction. Semi joint and combined process is the main design scheme selection.

  Crushing sponge titanium sponge titanium is an important link of goodsprovided. Chinese titanium sponge plant  has used two crushing system,

(1) to the hydraulic press and the jaw crusher crushing system machine.

(2) the crushing system in titanium coils press and roll crusher etc.. The latter is a more advanced, suitable for the production of grain character large quantities of goods titanium sponge in compliance with international standards.

The production of titanium sponge of magnesium reduction method

A magnesium chloride cycle, production of titanium sponge , magnesium reduction process is to chloride as chlorinating agent, reducing agent to magnesium. Magnesium and chloride containing titanium sponge plant 's products, the main by-product generation for anhydrous magnesium chloride.

  Anhydrous magnesium chloride is a good raw material for magnesium smelting, recycling is an important measure to reduce the cost of production of sponge titanium. Production of  titanium sponge ( aerospace castings )by Kroll Process Factory, are equipped with anhydrous magnesium chloride electrolysis workshop, recovery of metal magnesium and chlorine.

The core of the production of titanium sponge

Reduction, distillation process is the core of the production of titanium sponge , non union, semi joint and combined technology division.

  American Titanium Metal Company (TIMET) and Oregon Metallurgical Company (0RMET) have a style of one's own non united method used, reducing treatment of reactant leaching acid with TIMET,titanium ingot price 0RMET not only with a unique horizontal reduction pot reduction reaction, but also with helium as the carrier, from the tank residual magnesium and magnesium chloride.

The supply of titanium sponge

Japan and the former Soviet Union, China titanium sponge plant all adopt vacuum distillation treatment reaction. Semi joint and combined process is the main design scheme selection.

  Crushing sponge titanium sponge titanium is an important link of goods provided. Chinese Titanium Casting Manufacturer has used two crushing system,

(1) to the hydraulic press and the jaw crusher crushing system machine.
(2) the crushing system in oil press and roll crusher etc.. The latter is a more advanced, suitable for the production of grain character large quantities of goods titanium sponge in compliance with international standards.

Titanium sponge plant and chloride furnace

In the design of titanium sponge plant , the general use of open type or closed type three-phase arc furnace smelting of titanium slag. The former low thermal efficiency, high energy consumption, poor labor conditions and low yield.

  Chloride furnace has several types, vertical furnace, a sieve plate fluidized chlorination furnace, no sieve fluidized chlorination furnace and molten salt chlorinator etc.. aerospace castings

  Furnace type selection depends on the grade of raw materials, harmful impurities (Mg, CA), the content of raw materials, energy consumption and metal yield.

  Calcium and magnesium chloride containing fewer impurities titanium raw material, selects the fluidizing chlorination furnace. Molten salt chlorination device is an effective device for processing low grade and high content of calcium and magnesium rich titanium sponge material, but there must be effective facilities disposal or recycling of waste salt.

Titanium sponge chloride process

The chlorination process of low productivity, poor labor conditions, but also must be equipped with briquetting and coking process facilities have been gradually eliminated.

  Twentieth Century at the end of the 50's to 70's,titanium sponge powder have developed into a molten salt chlorination and fluidizing chlorination (boiling chlorination) new technology.

  Application of two kinds of process, depends on the composition of raw material, molten salt chlorination of titanium slag is suitable for treatment of Gao Gai, magnesium content,general and multi-purpose the fluidization of chloride production coarse( titanium sponge ) four titanium chloride.

The production of titanium sponge of magnesium reduction method

A magnesium chloride cycle, production of titanium sponge , magnesium reduction process is to chloride as chlorinating agent, reducing agent to magnesium. Magnesium and chloride containing titanium sponge plant 's products, the main by-product generation for anhydrous magnesium chloride.

  Anhydrous magnesium chloride is a good raw material for magnesium smelting, recycling is an important measure to reduce the cost of production of sponge titanium. Production of  titanium sponge ( aerospace castings )by Kroll Process Factory, are equipped with anhydrous magnesium chloride electrolysis workshop, recovery of metal magnesium and chlorine.

Early sponge titanium production

Chlorination process choice depends on the TiO2 content in raw material. Many western countries to natural rutile (95% ~ 98%TiO2) and high-grade artificial rutile as raw material, the process is simple, chloride, low material consumption, high utilization rate of chlorine and simple equipment system.

  China titanium slag as raw material, the content of impurity, high material consumption, low utilization rate of chlorine, equipment system is huge.  Titanium sponge production early, some factory used shaft EAF process.

Production of sponge titanium materials

Magnesium reduction process is composed of process of titanium concentrate or titanium rich material, refined, chloride reduction distillation and broken packing etc..

  China lack of natural rutile, titanium sponge production of raw materials can only be based on by the rich titanium material titanium iron enrichment.

  Rich titanium material is referred to as the titanium slag and rutile in commodities. The production of artificial rutile titanium slag and process had electric method, hydrochloric acid direct decomposition of titanium concentrate, combined dressing and smelting of dilute hydrochloric acid leaching method and reductive leaching pressure leaching method, pre oxidation fluidized acid etc..

Judging from the above process complexity, multi-purpose furnace smelting of titanium slag.

Reduction dose of per tonne of titanium sponge

The two kind of method choice, depending on the country of magnesium, sodium output and price.

  In the two method, reduction of dose per tonne of titanium sponge production required, sodium nearly twice higher than magnesium, sodium price must be less than half the magnesium, sodium reduction method have the competitiveness.

The production of titanium sponge industry,Kroll Process

The reduction reaction is completed in a Klau Apha reactor made of steel in. About 50% of magnesium and magnesium chloride containing the reduction product, three kinds of methods available vacuum distillation, purification of helium gas and wet purification treatment reduction product, made of titanium sponge weight or grain.

  Three purification process of reduction products are broken system to adapt with it, cooperate with each method made size to meet the requirements of the commercial titanium sponge.

  At the beginning of the 90's, have been useful to replace his potential of vacuum distillation method. In the reduction process, a by-product of anhydrous magnesium chloride and sent to the recycling of magnesium electrolysis workshop, magnesium and chlorine.

Method for producing of four titanium chloride

The production method and the process of the selection in twentieth Century 80 time end stop, industrial production of  titanium sponge in two ways, namely by Kroll and Hunter method.

  Followed by the metal magnesium and sodium reduction four titanium chloride. Method for producing fine four titanium chloride two are the same.

The last century of titanium sponge plant expansion

In twentieth Century 60, titanium sponge factory of China built the largest, started for 1000t / A. And the initial size of titanium sponge plant in the west between 300 ~ 5000t / A, the former Soviet Union is 3000 ~ 10000t / A.

  Characteristics of titanium metal construction investment, the market more volatile and high production cost based, after 60 years, some foreign titanium sponge factory basically rely on technological innovation, and gradually expanded to the annual production capacity of more than 10000 tons of dachang.


  Chinese was completed in 1990 large-scale titanium sponge plant expansion, the expansion of the annual production capacity is 2000t. Design to determine the size of Xinhai titanium sponge factory, to adapt to the basic industrial technology level and market demand.

The Chinese and USA titanium sponge plant

Product scheme and design of the scale Chinese design of titanium sponge factory or workshop, the final product is only one kind of  titanium sponge.

  Titanium sponge plant in Japan and the former Soviet Union is also designed with ingot casting workshop, using the consumable electrode and non consumable electrode melting titanium ingots, titanium sponge production will account for 6% ~ 8% of titanium added to substandard titanium ingot, in order to improve the economic benefit.

  Titanium mill products in more than two, titanium sponge factory USA many and processing plant design as a whole, the main products for the multi specifications, many varieties of titanium material.

Chinese first titanium sponge plant

In twentieth Century 60, Chinese scientific research - float valve tower, used for titanium sponge factory, instead of packing tower equipment is huge and low efficiency; Chinese developed circular molten salt chlorinator, titanium slag effectively deal with Gao Gaimei content.

  In 70's, China initiated chlorination furnace titanium chloride slag by fluid production technology, has designed a variety of furnace type for the chlorination of  titanium slag. The 1964 design Chinese first titanium sponge factory - Zunyi titanium  plant, put into operation in 1970.